Wednesday, July 17, 2013

A is for Apparatchik

Ameliorate: 
  1. trying to ameliorate the suffering of people who have lost their jobs
  2. This medicine should help ameliorate the pain.
  3. correct, emend, rectify, reform, remediate
APHORISM: An aphorism is an original thought, spoken or written in a laconic (concise) and memorable form.[1] Aphorism literally means a "distinction" or "definition". The term was first used in the Aphorisms of Hippocrates. The oft-cited first sentence of this work (see Ars longa, vita brevis) is:
"No good dead will go unpunished"  Clare Boothe Luce 

Anabaptists (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά- "over again" and βαπτισμός "baptism") are Christians of the Radical Reformation of 16th-century Europe, considered Protestant by some, although some consider Anabaptism to be a distinct movement from Protestantism. The Amish, Hutterites, and Mennonites are direct descendants of the movement.
The name Anabaptist is derived from the Greek term anabaptista, or "one who baptizes over again." This name was given them by their enemies in reference to the practice of "re-baptizing" converts who "already had been baptized" (or sprinkled) as infants. Anabaptists required that baptismal candidates be able to make their own confessions of faith and so rejected baptism of infants. The early members of this movement abhorred the name "Anabaptist", claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a "re-baptism" but in fact the first baptism for them. Balthasar Hübmaier wrote:
I have never taught Anabaptism. ...But the right baptism of Christ, which is preceded by teaching and oral confession of faith, I teach, and say that infant baptism is a robbery of the right baptism of Christ...:204
As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.[a]
While most Anabaptists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount which precluded taking oaths, participating in military actions, and participating in civil government, some who practiced re-baptism felt contrariwise.[b] They were thus technically Anabaptists, even though conservative Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites and some historians tend to consider them as outside of true Anabaptism. Conrad Grebel wrote in a letter to Thomas Müntzer in 1524:
True Christian believers are sheep among wolves, sheep for the slaughter... Neither do they use worldly sword or war, since all killing has ceased with them...:45
Though a number of theories exist concerning origins, the three main ideas are:
  • that Anabaptism began in a single expression in Zürich and spread from there (Monogenesis);
  • that Anabaptism began through several independent movements (polygenesis); and
  • that Anabaptism was a continuation of true New Testament Christianity (apostolic succession or church perpetuity).
  •  
  • In the following points Anabaptists who held to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount resembled the medieval dissenters:
  • They condemned oaths, and also the reference of disputes between believers to law-courts in accordance with 1 Corinthians 6:1–11.
  • The believer must not bear arms or offer forcible resistance to wrongdoers, nor wield the sword. No Christian has the jus gladii (the right of the sword).Matthew 5:39
  • Civil government (i.e., "Caesar") belongs to the world. The believer, who belongs to God's kingdom, must not fill any office, nor hold any rank under government, which is to be passively obeyed.John 18:36 Romans 13:1-7
  • Sinners or unfaithful ones are to be excommunicated, and excluded from the sacraments and from intercourse with believers unless they repent, according to 1 Corinthians 5:9–13 and Matthew 18:15 seq. But no force is to be used towards them.

ABBERANT
1. departing from the right, normal, or usual course.
2.deviating from the ordinary, usual, or normal type; exceptional; abnormal.
3.an aberrant person, thing, group, etc.

ANOMALY

  1. Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.
  2. The angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee.
Apparatchik /ˌɑːpəˈrɑːɪk/ (plural apparatchiki or apparatchiks; Russian: аппара́тчик [əpɐˈrat͡ɕɪk]) is a Russian colloquial term for a full-time, professional functionary of the Communist Party or government, i.e. an agent of the governmental or party "apparat" (apparatus) that held any position of bureaucratic or political responsibility, with the exception of the higher ranks of management. James Billington describes one as "a man not of grand plans, but of a hundred carefully executed details."[1] It is often considered a derogatory term, with negative connotations in terms of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described.[2]
Members of the "apparat" were frequently transferred between different areas of responsibility, usually with little or no actual training for their new areas of responsibility. Thus, the term apparatchik, or "agent of the apparatus" was usually the best possible description of the person's profession and occupation.[3]
Not all apparatchiks held lifelong positions. Many only entered such positions in middle age.[4]
Today apparatchik is also used in contexts other than that of the Soviet Union or communist countries. According to Collins English Dictionary the word can mean "an official or bureaucrat in any organization".[5]
According to Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary, the term was also used in the meaning "Communist agent or spy", originating in the writings of Arthur Koestler, circa 1941.

ABROGATE. 1. : to abolish by authoritative action : annul. 2. : to treat as nonexistent <abrogating their responsibilities

Axiom: A self-evident truth that requires no proof. A universally accepted principle or rule.

Aeolistic: Long-winded which has various meanings such as being tediously long in speaking. It also refers to the manner in which one consumes much time or just being unnecessarily talkative or verbose.

Anthropophagy
Anthropophagy (Greek: ἄνθρωπος, anthropos, "human being" + φαγειν, phagein, "to eat") is the custom and practice of eating human flesh.
Cannibalism, when one human consumes the flesh of another
Self-cannibalism, the act of eating one's own flesh
Man-eating, the consumption of human flesh by non-human predators ("man-eaters"
Human hematophagy, the consumption of human blood by other animals

ANTHROPOPHACY
Anthropopathismnthe attribution of human passions, etc., to a deity, object, etc.



 


 



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